STANDARD_NAME TESAR_ALK_TARGETS_HUMAN_ES_5D_DN SYSTEMATIC_NAME M2811 COLLECTION C2:CGP MSIGDB_URL https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/geneset/TESAR_ALK_TARGETS_HUMAN_ES_5D_DN NAMESPACE HUMAN_GENE_SYMBOL DESCRIPTION_BRIEF Genes down-regulated in hES cells (human embryonic stem cells) after treatment with the ALK [GeneID=238] inhibitor SB-431542 [PubChem=4521392]. DESCRIPTION_FULL The application of human embryonic stem (ES) cells in medicine and biology has an inherent reliance on understanding the starting cell population. Human ES cells differ from mouse ES cells and the specific embryonic origin of both cell types is unclear. Previous work suggested that mouse ES cells could only be obtained from the embryo before implantation in the uterus. Here we show that cell lines can be derived from the epiblast, a tissue of the post-implantation embryo that generates the embryo proper. These cells, which we refer to as EpiSCs (post-implantation epiblast-derived stem cells), express transcription factors known to regulate pluripotency, maintain their genomic integrity, and robustly differentiate into the major somatic cell types as well as primordial germ cells. The EpiSC lines are distinct from mouse ES cells in their epigenetic state and the signals controlling their differentiation. Furthermore, EpiSC and human ES cells share patterns of gene expression and signalling responses that normally function in the epiblast. These results show that epiblast cells can be maintained as stable cell lines and interrogated to understand how pluripotent cells generate distinct fates during early development. PMID 17597760 GEOID GSE7902 AUTHORS Tesar PJ,Chenoweth JG,Brook FA,Davies TJ,Evans EP,Mack DL,Gardner RL,McKay RD CONTRIBUTOR Jessica Robertson CONTRIBUTOR_ORG MSigDB Team EXACT_SOURCE Table 1S: hES d5 FILTERED_BY_SIMILARITY EXTERNAL_NAMES_FOR_SIMILAR_TERMS EXTERNAL_DETAILS_URL SOURCE_MEMBERS LEFTY1,LEFTY2,MYC,NANOG,NODAL,POU5F1,TDGF1 GENE_SYMBOLS LEFTY1,LEFTY2,MYC,NANOG,NODAL,POU5F1,TDGF1 FOUNDER_NAMES