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<MSIGDB BUILD_DATE="Jan 29, 2026" VERSION="2026.1.Hs" NAME="export">
    <GENESET STANDARD_NAME="BIOCARTA_BARRESTIN_PATHWAY" SYSTEMATIC_NAME="M7772" HISTORICAL_NAMES="" PMID="" AUTHORS="" GEOID="" EXACT_SOURCE="" GENESET_LISTING_URL="" EXTERNAL_DETAILS_URL="https://data.broadinstitute.org/gsea-msigdb/msigdb/biocarta/human/h_bArrestinPathway.gif" CHIP="HUMAN_SEQ_ACCESSION" CONTRIBUTOR="BioCarta" CONTRIBUTOR_ORG="BioCarta" DESCRIPTION_BRIEF="b-arrestins in GPCR Desensitization" DESCRIPTION_FULL="Role of -arrestins in the desensitization, sequestration and intracellular trafficking of GPCRs. Homologous desensitization of GPCRs (1) results from the binding of -arrestins (-arr) to agonist -occupied receptors following phosphorylation of the receptor by GRKs. -arrestin binding sterically precludes coupling between the receptor and heterotrimeric G proteins, leading to termination of signaling by G proteins effectors. Receptor-bound -arrestins also act as adapter proteins, binding to components of the clathrin endocytic machinery including clathrin, 2-adaptin (AP-2). Receptor sequestration (2) reflects the dynamin (Dyn)-dependent endocytosis of GPCRs via clathrin-coated pits. Once internalized, GPCRs exhibit two distinct patterns of -arrestin interaction. `Class A' GPCRs, for example the 2 adrenergic receptor, rapidly dissociate from -arrestin upon internalization. These receptors are trafficked to an acidified endosomal compartment, wherein the ligand is dissociated and the receptor dephosphorylated by a GPCR-specific protein phosphatase PP2A isoform, and are subsequently recycled to the plasma membrane (3). `Class B' receptors, for example the angiotensin II AT1a receptor, form stable receptor--arrestin complexes. These receptors accumulate in endocytic vesicles and are either targeted for degradation or slowly recycled to the membrane via as yet poorly defined routes." TAGS="" MEMBERS="BI907383,BX091396,CD365891,NM_000217,NM_000516,NM_001001928,NM_001005336,NM_001025205,NM_001077488,NM_001077489,NM_001077490,NM_001204269,NM_001619,NM_002232,NM_004041,NM_004068,NM_004408,NM_004974,NM_005036,NM_014203,NM_015192,NM_016592,NM_020251,NM_021116,NM_080425,NM_080426,NM_130787,NM_182734" MEMBERS_SYMBOLIZED="ADCY1,AP2A1,AP2M1,ARRB1,DNM1,GNAS,GRK2,KCNA1,KCNA2,KCNA3,PLCB1,PPARA" MEMBERS_EZID="107,1173,156,160,1759,23236,2778,3736,3737,3738,408,5465" MEMBERS_MAPPING="BI907383,KCNA2,3737|BX091396,PPARA,5465|CD365891,ARRB1,408|NM_000217,KCNA1,3736|NM_000516,GNAS,2778|NM_001001928,PPARA,5465|NM_001005336,DNM1,1759|NM_001025205,AP2M1,1173|NM_001077488,GNAS,2778|NM_001077489,GNAS,2778|NM_001077490,GNAS,2778|NM_001204269,KCNA2,3737|NM_001619,GRK2,156|NM_002232,KCNA3,3738|NM_004041,ARRB1,408|NM_004068,AP2M1,1173|NM_004408,DNM1,1759|NM_004974,KCNA2,3737|NM_005036,PPARA,5465|NM_014203,AP2A1,160|NM_015192,PLCB1,23236|NM_016592,GNAS,2778|NM_020251,ARRB1,408|NM_021116,ADCY1,107|NM_080425,GNAS,2778|NM_080426,GNAS,2778|NM_130787,AP2A1,160|NM_182734,PLCB1,23236" FILTERED_BY_SIMILARITY="" FOUNDER_NAMES="" REFINEMENT_DATASETS="" VALIDATION_DATASETS="" CATEGORY_CODE="C2" ORGANISM="Homo sapiens" SUB_CATEGORY_CODE="CP:BIOCARTA"/>
</MSIGDB>
