STANDARD_NAME KAZMIN_PBMC_P_FALCIPARUM_RTSS_AS01_AGE_UNKNOWN_CORRELATED_WITH_PROTECTION_56DY_NEGATIVE SYSTEMATIC_NAME M40909 COLLECTION C7:VAX MSIGDB_URL https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/geneset/KAZMIN_PBMC_P_FALCIPARUM_RTSS_AS01_AGE_UNKNOWN_CORRELATED_WITH_PROTECTION_56DY_NEGATIVE NAMESPACE HUMAN_GENE_SYMBOL DESCRIPTION_BRIEF Genes negatively correlated with protection in peripheral blood mononuclear cell in unknown after exposure to P. falciparum RTS,S/AS01 , time point 56D DESCRIPTION_FULL RTS,S is an advanced malaria vaccine candidate and confers significant protection against Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms driving vaccine immunity. Here, we applied a systems biology approach to study immune responses in subjects receiving three consecutive immunizations with RTS,S (RRR), or in those receiving two immunizations of RTS,S/AS01 following a primary immunization with adenovirus 35 (Ad35) (ARR) vector expressing circumsporozoite protein. Subsequent controlled human malaria challenge (CHMI) of the vaccinees with Plasmodium-infected mosquitoes, 3 wk after the final immunization, resulted in ~50% protection in both groups of vaccinees. Circumsporozoite protein (CSP)-specific antibody titers, prechallenge, were associated with protection in the RRR group. In contrast, ARR-induced lower antibody responses, and protection was associated with polyfunctional CD4+ T-cell responses 2 wk after priming with Ad35. Molecular signatures of B and plasma cells detected in PBMCs were highly correlated with antibody titers prechallenge and protection in the RRR cohort. In contrast, early signatures of innate immunity and dendritic cell activation were highly associated with protection in the ARR cohort. For both vaccine regimens, natural killer (NK) cell signatures negatively correlated with and predicted protection. These results suggest that protective immunity against P. falciparum can be achieved via multiple mechanisms and highlight the utility of systems approaches in defining molecular correlates of protection to vaccination. PMID 28193898 GEOID AUTHORS Kazmin D,Nakaya HI,Lee EK,Johnson MJ,van der Most R,van den Berg RA,Ballou WR,Jongert E,Wille-Reece U,Ockenhouse C,Aderem A,Zak DE,Sadoff J,Hendriks J,Wrammert J,Ahmed R,Pulendran B CONTRIBUTOR HIPC SIGNATURES CONTRIBUTOR_ORG NIAID/HIPC SIGNATURES EXACT_SOURCE Fig 5A FILTERED_BY_SIMILARITY EXTERNAL_NAMES_FOR_SIMILAR_TERMS EXTERNAL_DETAILS_URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5338562/figure/fig05/ SOURCE_MEMBERS ADGRG1,ARL4C,CCL5,CD244,CD247,CD7,CD96,CLIC3,CST7,GIMAP7,GNLY,GZMA,GZMB,GZMH,GZMM,HOPX,IL18RAP,IL2RB,KIR2DL1,KIR2DL2,KIR2DL3,KIR2DL4,KIR2DL5A,KIR2DS1,KIR2DS2,KIR2DS3,KIR2DS5,KIR3DL1,KIR3DL3,KLRB1,KLRC1,KLRD1,KLRF1,KLRK1,MYBL1,NKG7,PRF1,PRKCQ,PTGDR,PVRIG,RORA,S1PR5,SAMD3,SH2D2A,STAT4,TBX21,TGFBR3,TRA,TRD,XCL2,ZAP70 GENE_SYMBOLS ADGRG1,ARL4C,CCL5,CD244,CD247,CD7,CD96,CLIC3,CST7,GIMAP7,GNLY,GZMA,GZMB,GZMH,GZMM,HOPX,IL18RAP,IL2RB,KIR2DL1,KIR2DL2,KIR2DL3,KIR2DL4,KIR2DL5A,KIR2DS1,KIR2DS2,KIR2DS3,KIR2DS5,KIR3DL1,KIR3DL3,KLRB1,KLRC1,KLRD1,KLRF1,KLRK1,MYBL1,NKG7,PRF1,PRKCQ,PTGDR,PVRIG,RORA,S1PR5,SAMD3,SH2D2A,STAT4,TBX21,TGFBR3,,,XCL2,ZAP70 FOUNDER_NAMES