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<MSIGDB BUILD_DATE="Jan 29, 2026" VERSION="2026.1.Hs" NAME="export">
    <GENESET STANDARD_NAME="KOINUMA_COLON_CANCER_MSI_UP" SYSTEMATIC_NAME="M1096" HISTORICAL_NAMES="" PMID="16247484" AUTHORS="Koinuma K,Yamashita Y,Liu W,Hatanaka H,Kurashina K,Wada T,Takada S,Kaneda R,Choi YL,Fujiwara SI,Miyakura Y,Nagai H,Mano H" GEOID="GSE2138" EXACT_SOURCE="Table 1S" GENESET_LISTING_URL="" EXTERNAL_DETAILS_URL="" CHIP="AFFY_HG_U133" CONTRIBUTOR="Arthur Liberzon" CONTRIBUTOR_ORG="MSigDB Team" DESCRIPTION_BRIEF="Genes up-regulated in colorectal carcinoma samples positive for MSI (microsatellite instability) compared to the MSI negative ones." DESCRIPTION_FULL="Mutation or epigenetic silencing of mismatch repair genes, such as MLH1 and MSH2, results in microsatellite instability (MSI) in the genome of a subset of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs). However, little is yet known of genes that directly contribute to tumor formation in such cancers. To characterize MSI-dependent changes in gene expression, we have now compared transcriptomes between fresh CRC specimens positive or negative for MSI (n=10 for each) with the use of high-density oligonucleotide microarrays harboring &gt;44,000 probe sets. Correspondence analysis of the expression patterns of isolated MSI-associated genes revealed that the transcriptome of MSI+ CRCs is clearly distinct from that of MSI- CRCs. Such MSI-associated genes included that for AXIN2, an important component of the WNT signaling pathway. AXIN2 was silenced, apparently as a result of extensive methylation of its promoter region, specifically in MSI+ CRC specimens. Forced expression of AXIN2, either by treatment with 5'-azacytidine or by transfection with AXIN2 cDNA, resulted in rapid cell death in an MSI+ CRC cell line. These data indicate that epigenetic silencing of AXIN2 is specifically associated with carcinogenesis in MSI+ CRCs." TAGS="" MEMBERS="200043_at,201533_at,202589_at,203476_at,203915_at,203932_at,204533_at,206858_s_at,208799_at,217933_s_at,218662_s_at,221505_at,225541_at,226545_at,227641_at,35201_at" MEMBERS_SYMBOLIZED="ANP32E,CD109,CTNNB1,CXCL10,CXCL9,ERH,FBXL16,HLA-DMB,HNRNPL,HOXC6,LAP3,NCAPG,PSMB5,RPL22L1,TPBG,TYMS" MEMBERS_EZID="135228,146330,1499,200916,2079,3109,3191,3223,3627,4283,51056,5693,64151,7162,7298,81611" MEMBERS_MAPPING="200043_at,ERH,2079|201533_at,CTNNB1,1499|202589_at,TYMS,7298|203476_at,TPBG,7162|203915_at,CXCL9,4283|203932_at,HLA-DMB,3109|204533_at,CXCL10,3627|206858_s_at,HOXC6,3223|208799_at,PSMB5,5693|217933_s_at,LAP3,51056|218662_s_at,NCAPG,64151|221505_at,ANP32E,81611|225541_at,RPL22L1,200916|226545_at,CD109,135228|227641_at,FBXL16,146330|35201_at,HNRNPL,3191" FILTERED_BY_SIMILARITY="" FOUNDER_NAMES="" REFINEMENT_DATASETS="" VALIDATION_DATASETS="" CATEGORY_CODE="C2" ORGANISM="Homo sapiens" SUB_CATEGORY_CODE="CGP"/>
</MSIGDB>
