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<MSIGDB BUILD_DATE="Jan 29, 2026" VERSION="2026.1.Hs" NAME="export">
    <GENESET STANDARD_NAME="LIN_TUMOR_ESCAPE_FROM_IMMUNE_ATTACK" SYSTEMATIC_NAME="M1847" HISTORICAL_NAMES="" PMID="17308126" AUTHORS="Lin KY,Lu D,Hung CF,Peng S,Huang L,Jie C,Murillo F,Rowley J,Tsai YC,He L,Kim DJ,Jaffee E,Pardoll D,Wu TC" GEOID="GSE2774" EXACT_SOURCE="Fig. 1D" GENESET_LISTING_URL="" EXTERNAL_DETAILS_URL="" CHIP="MOUSE_SEQ_ACCESSION" CONTRIBUTOR="Jessica Robertson" CONTRIBUTOR_ORG="MSigDB Team" DESCRIPTION_BRIEF="Genes up-regulated in highly immune-resistant cancer cell line developed from a susceptible cancer using an in vivo selection strategy." DESCRIPTION_FULL="Immune escape is an important reason why the immune system cannot control tumor growth, but how escape variants emerge during immunotherapy remains poorly understood. Here, we identify a new mechanism of tumor immune escape using an in vivo selection strategy. We generated a highly immune-resistant cancer cell line (P3) by subjecting a susceptible cancer cell line (P0/TC-1) to multiple rounds of in vivo immune selection. Microarray analysis of P0 and P3 revealed that vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is up-regulated in the P3-resistant variant. Retroviral transfer of VCAM-1 into P0 significantly increased its resistance against a vaccine-induced immune response. Analysis of tumors showed a dramatic decrease in the number of tumor-infiltrating cluster of differentiation 8(+) (CD8(+)) T cells in the tumors expressing VCAM-1. In vitro transwell migration assays showed that VCAM-1 can promote the migration of CD8(+) T cells through its interaction with the alpha(4)beta(1) integrin. Site-directed mutagenesis of VCAM-1 at amino acid residues required for interaction with alpha(4)beta(1) integrin completely abolished the immune resistance conferred by VCAM-1 in vivo. Surface staining showed that most renal cell carcinomas (RCC) express VCAM-1, whereas an RCC that responded to vaccination was VCAM-1 negative. These data provide evidence that tumor expression of VCAM-1 represents a new mechanism of immune evasion and has important implications for the development of immunotherapy for human RCC." TAGS="" MEMBERS="AA472735,AK005158,AK009098,AK014353,AK015397,AV359819,BB075339,BB126999,BB250384,BB332449,BB662927,BC005560,BC015254,BG084683,BQ176723,L20048,NM_008127,NM_008726,NM_011619,NM_018784,NM_019564,NM_134066,U94828,X75557" MEMBERS_SYMBOLIZED="ACKR3,C14orf39,CHD7,DYNAP,GJB4,GPR149,HTRA1,IL2RG,JAG1,KHDRBS3,MMD,NPPB,NRP2,PLA2G7,RGS16,ST3GAL6,SYCP3,TNNT2,VCAM1" MEMBERS_EZID="10402,10656,127534,182,23531,284254,317761,344758,3561,4879,50511,55636,5654,57007,6004,7139,7412,7941,8828" MEMBERS_MAPPING="AA472735,MMD,23531|AK005158,PLA2G7,7941|AK009098,DYNAP,284254|AK014353,KHDRBS3,10656|AK015397,C14orf39,317761|AV359819,JAG1,182|BB075339,GPR149,344758|BB126999,GPR149,344758|BB250384,VCAM1,7412|BB332449,null,null|BB662927,null,null|BC005560,SYCP3,50511|BC015254,ACKR3,57007|BG084683,CHD7,55636|BQ176723,NRP2,8828|L20048,IL2RG,3561|NM_008127,GJB4,127534|NM_008726,NPPB,4879|NM_011619,TNNT2,7139|NM_018784,ST3GAL6,10402|NM_019564,HTRA1,5654|NM_134066,null,null|U94828,RGS16,6004|X75557,null,null" FILTERED_BY_SIMILARITY="" FOUNDER_NAMES="" REFINEMENT_DATASETS="" VALIDATION_DATASETS="" CATEGORY_CODE="C2" ORGANISM="Mus musculus" SUB_CATEGORY_CODE="CGP"/>
</MSIGDB>
