STANDARD_NAME QIU_PBMC_HEPTATITIS_B_SURFACE_ANTIGEN_AGE_UNDER50_NON_RESPONDERS_VS_RESPONDERS_28DY_DN SYSTEMATIC_NAME M41136 COLLECTION C7:VAX MSIGDB_URL https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/geneset/QIU_PBMC_HEPTATITIS_B_SURFACE_ANTIGEN_AGE_UNDER50_NON_RESPONDERS_VS_RESPONDERS_28DY_DN NAMESPACE HUMAN_GENE_SYMBOL DESCRIPTION_BRIEF Genes down-regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cell non-responders vs responders in adults (<50) after exposure to Heptatitis B surface antigen vaccine (HBsAg) , time point 28D DESCRIPTION_FULL Individuals fail to elicit protective antibody after hepatitis B vaccination remain at risk for hepatitis B virus infection. Analysis of the transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is essential to elucidate the characteristics of gene expression in non-responders. In this study, we enrolled seven responders who had received three injections and seven non-responders who had six injections of hepatitis B vaccine before. All the participants were then vaccinated with a three-dose boost regimen. Microarray analysis and Luminex assay were applied to examine mRNA expression and Th1/Th2/Th9/Th17/Th22/Treg cytokine and chemokine profiles in non-responders and responders. Differentially expressed genes in PBMCs of non-responders at 5 time points, i.e. pre-vaccination, 3^rd, 7^th, 28^th day post the first dose vaccination and 7^th day post the second dose vaccination indicated a dense network trend. Compared with responders, nine coding genes (BPI, DEFA1B, DEFA4, CEACAM8, MMP8, FOLR3, LTF, TCN1 and TKTL1) were significantly up-regulated in non-responders at all 5 time points, which could probably be the characteristic genes in hepatitis B vaccine non-responsiveness. Gene ontology analysis revealed that most of the DEGs were related with immune responses. Validation results of these 9 genes using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were mostly consistent with the results of microarray. Cytokine analysis demonstrated that IL-27 and CXCL12 concentrations in responders were significantly higher than non-responders on the 3^rd day after the first dose and 7^th day after the second dose of vaccination, respectively. No significant difference was observed in other cytokine and chemokine signatures between the two groups. In conclusion, our results revealed characteristic transcriptome and cytokine changes in hepatitis B vaccine non-responders after boost immunization. PMID 29580160 GEOID AUTHORS Qiu S,He P,Fang X,Tong H,Lv J,Liu J,Zhang L,Zhai X,Wang L,Hu Z,Yu Y CONTRIBUTOR HIPC SIGNATURES CONTRIBUTOR_ORG NIAID/HIPC SIGNATURES EXACT_SOURCE Suppl Table 1 FILTERED_BY_SIMILARITY EXTERNAL_NAMES_FOR_SIMILAR_TERMS EXTERNAL_DETAILS_URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6067885/bin/khvi-14-07-1450122-s001.xlsx SOURCE_MEMBERS ALAS2,DCAF12,FAM210B,GYPA,MBNL3,RPS26,RPS26P11,SLC25A37,SLC4A1,SNCA,STRADB GENE_SYMBOLS ALAS2,DCAF12,FAM210B,GYPA,MBNL3,RPS26,RPS26P11,SLC25A37,SLC4A1,SNCA,STRADB FOUNDER_NAMES