STANDARD_NAME	ZHAN_MULTIPLE_MYELOMA_SPIKED
SYSTEMATIC_NAME	M896
COLLECTION	C2:CGP
MSIGDB_URL	https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/geneset/ZHAN_MULTIPLE_MYELOMA_SPIKED
NAMESPACE	AFFY_HuGene
DESCRIPTION_BRIEF	'Spiked' genes: genes most highly up-regulated in multiple myeloma samples; were not differentially expressed as compared to the normal plasma cells.
DESCRIPTION_FULL	Bone marrow plasma cells (PCs) from 74 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM), 5 with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and 31 healthy volunteers (normal PCs) were purified by CD138(+) selection. Gene expression of purified PCs and 7 MM cell lines were profiled using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays interrogating about 6800 genes. On hierarchical clustering analysis, normal and MM PCs were differentiated and 4 distinct subgroups of MM (MM1, MM2, MM3, and MM4) were identified. The expression pattern of MM1 was similar to normal PCs and MGUS, whereas MM4 was similar to MM cell lines. Clinical parameters linked to poor prognosis, abnormal karyotype (P =.002) and high serum beta(2)-microglobulin levels (P =.0005), were most prevalent in MM4. Also, genes involved in DNA metabolism and cell cycle control were overexpressed in a comparison of MM1 and MM4. In addition, using chi(2) and Wilcoxon rank sum tests, 120 novel candidate disease genes were identified that discriminate normal and malignant PCs (P <.0001); many are involved in adhesion, apoptosis, cell cycle, drug resistance, growth arrest, oncogenesis, signaling, and transcription. A total of 156 genes, including FGFR3 and CCND1, exhibited highly elevated (spiked) expression in at least 4 of the 74 MM cases (range, 4-25 spikes). Elevated expression of these 2 genes was caused by the translocation t(4;14)(p16;q32) or t(11;14)(q13;q32). Thus, novel candidate MM disease genes have been identified using gene expression profiling and this profiling has led to the development of a gene-based classification system for MM.
PMID	11861292
GEOID	
AUTHORS	Zhan F,Hardin J,Kordsmeier B,Bumm K,Zheng M,Tian E,Sanderson R,Yang Y,Wilson C,Zangari M,Anaissie E,Morris C,Muwalla F,van Rhee F,Fassas A,Crowley J,Tricot G,Barlogie B,Shaughnessy J Jr
CONTRIBUTOR	Kevin Vogelsang
CONTRIBUTOR_ORG	MSigDB Team
EXACT_SOURCE	Table 6
FILTERED_BY_SIMILARITY	
EXTERNAL_NAMES_FOR_SIMILAR_TERMS	
EXTERNAL_DETAILS_URL	
SOURCE_MEMBERS	AC002077_at,D13168_at,D17427_at,HG3945-HT4215_at,L10373_at,L11329_at,L13210_at,M30703_s_at,M64347_at,M65292_s_at,M92934_at,U10991_at,U35340_at,U52513_at,U58096_at,U60873_at,U62800_at,U89922_s_at,X12530_s_at,X59766_at,X59798_at,X67325_at,X76223_s_at,X82494_at,X92689_at
GENE_SYMBOLS	GNAT1,EDNRB,DSC3,,TSPAN7,DUSP2,LGALS3BP,AREG,FGFR3,CFH,CCN2,KIAA1549L,CRYBB1,IFIT3,TSPY1,NEAT1,CST6,LTB,MS4A1,AZGP1,CCND1,IFI27,MAL,FBLN2,GALNT3
FOUNDER_NAMES