<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>

<!-- Copyright (c) 2004-2026 Broad Institute, Inc., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
     See license terms at www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/license_terms_list. Please note that certain gene sets have special access terms.
-->
<MSIGDB BUILD_DATE="Jan 29, 2026" VERSION="2026.1.Hs" NAME="export">
    <GENESET STANDARD_NAME="ZUCCHI_METASTASIS_UP" SYSTEMATIC_NAME="M14951" HISTORICAL_NAMES="" PMID="15608061" AUTHORS="Zucchi I,Mento E,Kuznetsov VA,Scotti M,Valsecchi V,Simionati B,Vicinanza E,Valle G,Pilotti S,Reinbold R,Vezzoni P,Albertini A,Dulbecco R" GEOID="" EXACT_SOURCE="Table 2" GENESET_LISTING_URL="" EXTERNAL_DETAILS_URL="" CHIP="UniGene_ID" CONTRIBUTOR="Kate Stafford" CONTRIBUTOR_ORG="MSigDB Team" DESCRIPTION_BRIEF="The 50 most up-regulated genes in primary invasive breast dutcal carcinoma (IDC) or lymph node metastases,  compared to normal mammary epithelium." DESCRIPTION_FULL="Expression profiles of breast carcinomas are difficult to interpret when they are obtained from tissue in toto, which may contain a large proportion of non-cancer cells. To avoid this problem, we microscopically isolated cells from a primary invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast and from an axillary node harboring a metastatic breast carcinoma, to obtain pure populations of carcinoma cells ( approximately 500) and used them for serial analysis of gene expression. The expression profiles generated from both populations of cells were compared with the profile of a disease-free mammary epithelium. We showed that the expression profiles obtained are exclusive of carcinoma cells with no contribution of non-epithelial cells. From a total of 16,939 unique tags analyzed, we detected 559 statistically significant changes in gene expression; some of these genes have not been previously associated with breast cancer. We observed that many of the down-regulated genes are the same in both cancers, whereas the up-regulated genes are completely different, suggesting that the down-regulation of a set of genes may be the basic mechanism of cancer formation, while the up-regulation may characterize and possibly control the state of evolution of individual cancers. The results obtained may help in characterizing the neoplastic process of breast cancer." TAGS="" MEMBERS="Hs.104125,Hs.112208,Hs.118400,Hs.118638,Hs.119192,Hs.136227,Hs.1407,Hs.1516,Hs.1600,Hs.164969,Hs.170009,Hs.180414,Hs.183803,Hs.2110,Hs.24948,Hs.26663,Hs.26704,Hs.2795,Hs.296244,Hs.320147,Hs.32748,Hs.356331,Hs.364345,Hs.374524,Hs.374596,Hs.374650,Hs.386834,Hs.388004,Hs.406532,Hs.410037,Hs.412416,Hs.418004,Hs.418138,Hs.425801,Hs.433455,Hs.434102,Hs.448540,Hs.459927,Hs.476302,Hs.511956,Hs.525899,Hs.5308,Hs.5662,Hs.57301,Hs.61635,Hs.6891,Hs.7943,Hs.83381,Hs.85137,Hs.99932" MEMBERS_SYMBOLIZED="" MEMBERS_EZID="" MEMBERS_MAPPING="Hs.104125,null,null|Hs.112208,null,null|Hs.118400,null,null|Hs.118638,null,null|Hs.119192,null,null|Hs.136227,null,null|Hs.1407,null,null|Hs.1516,null,null|Hs.1600,null,null|Hs.164969,null,null|Hs.170009,null,null|Hs.180414,null,null|Hs.183803,null,null|Hs.2110,null,null|Hs.24948,null,null|Hs.26663,null,null|Hs.26704,null,null|Hs.2795,null,null|Hs.296244,null,null|Hs.320147,null,null|Hs.32748,null,null|Hs.356331,null,null|Hs.364345,null,null|Hs.374524,null,null|Hs.374596,null,null|Hs.374650,null,null|Hs.386834,null,null|Hs.388004,null,null|Hs.406532,null,null|Hs.410037,null,null|Hs.412416,null,null|Hs.418004,null,null|Hs.418138,null,null|Hs.425801,null,null|Hs.433455,null,null|Hs.434102,null,null|Hs.448540,null,null|Hs.459927,null,null|Hs.476302,null,null|Hs.511956,null,null|Hs.525899,null,null|Hs.5308,null,null|Hs.5662,null,null|Hs.57301,null,null|Hs.61635,null,null|Hs.6891,null,null|Hs.7943,null,null|Hs.83381,null,null|Hs.85137,null,null|Hs.99932,null,null" FILTERED_BY_SIMILARITY="" FOUNDER_NAMES="" REFINEMENT_DATASETS="" VALIDATION_DATASETS="" CATEGORY_CODE="ARCHIVED" ORGANISM="Homo sapiens" SUB_CATEGORY_CODE="C2_CGP"/>
</MSIGDB>
