Human Gene Set: BIOCARTA_CTLA4_PATHWAY

For the Mouse gene set with the same name, see BIOCARTA_CTLA4_PATHWAY

Standard name BIOCARTA_CTLA4_PATHWAY
Systematic name M1467
Brief description The Co-Stimulatory Signal During T-cell Activation
Full description or abstract For a T cell to be activated by a specific antigen, the T cell receptor must recognize complexes of MHCI with the antigen on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell. T cells and the T cell receptor complex do not respond to antigen in solution, but even for the specific antigen they only respond to antigen-MHC-1 complexes on the cell surface. This interaction is necessary for T cell activation, but it is not sufficient. T cell activation also requires a co-stimulatory signal involving interaction of CD28 on the T cell with CD80 or CD86 (B7 family genes) on the antigen-presenting cell. CD28 activates a signal transduction pathway acting through PI-3K, Lck and Grb-2/ITK to provide its co-stimulatory signal for T cell activation. Another means to control T cell activation is by expressing factors that down-regulate T cell activation. Signaling by activated T cell receptors induces expression of CTLA-4, a receptor that opposes T cell activation. CTLA-4 has a higher affinity than CD28 for B7 proteins, terminating T cell activation. ICOS is a protein related to CD28 that is only expressed on activated T cells, and that provides another important co-stimulatory signal. The requirement for co-stimulatory signals provides additional control mechanisms that prevent inappropriate and hazardous T cell activation.
Collection C2: Curated
      CP: Canonical Pathways
            CP:BIOCARTA: BioCarta Pathways
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External links https://data.broadinstitute.org/gsea-msigdb/msigdb/biocarta/human/h_ctla4Pathway.gif
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Source species Homo sapiens
Contributed by BioCarta
Source platform or
identifier namespace		 HUMAN_SEQ_ACCESSION
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Version history 7.0: Changed members. Upgraded to final version of Biocarta.


License Terms for BioCarta data in MSigDB

MSigDB gene sets derived from BioCarta pathways are protected by copyright, (c) 2000-2017 BioCarta, all rights reserved. They are provided under license to the Broad Institute, Inc. with qualified permission to include in this release, subject to Biocarta's "Disclaimer of Liability and of Warranties" (formerly found at www.biocarta.com). Inclusion of these gene sets is conditioned upon acknowledgment and retention of the aforementioned copyright, and agreement to such disclaimer. The BioCarta derived gene sets are in the MSigDB C2 and M2 collections, and can be recognized by the "BIOCARTA_" prefix in their name.

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