Human Gene Set: YAMASHITA_LIVER_CANCER_WITH_EPCAM_DN


Standard name YAMASHITA_LIVER_CANCER_WITH_EPCAM_DN
Systematic name M9914
Brief description Down-regulated genes distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples positive for EPCAM [GeneID=4072] from the negative ones.
Full description or abstract The heterogeneous nature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the lack of appropriate biomarkers have hampered patient prognosis and treatment stratification. Recently, we have identified that a hepatic stem cell marker, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), may serve as an early biomarker of HCC because its expression is highly elevated in premalignant hepatic tissues and in a subset of HCC. In this study, we aimed to identify novel HCC subtypes that resemble certain stages of liver lineages by searching for EpCAM-coexpressed genes. A unique signature of EpCAM-positive HCCs was identified by cDNA microarray analysis of 40 HCC cases and validated by oligonucleotide microarray analysis of 238 independent HCC cases, which was further confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis of an additional 101 HCC cases. EpCAM-positive HCC displayed a distinct molecular signature with features of hepatic progenitor cells including the presence of known stem/progenitor markers such as cytokeratin 19, c-Kit, EpCAM, and activated Wnt-beta-catenin signaling, whereas EpCAM-negative HCC displayed genes with features of mature hepatocytes. Moreover, EpCAM-positive and EpCAM-negative HCC could be further subclassified into four groups with prognostic implication by determining the level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). These four subtypes displayed distinct gene expression patterns with features resembling certain stages of hepatic lineages. Taken together, we proposed an easy classification system defined by EpCAM and AFP to reveal HCC subtypes similar to hepatic cell maturation lineages, which may enable prognostic stratification and assessment of HCC patients with adjuvant therapy and provide new insights into the potential cellular origin of HCC and its activated molecular pathways.
Collection C2: Curated
      CGP: Chemical and Genetic Perturbations
Source publication Pubmed 18316609   Authors: Yamashita T,Forgues M,Wang W,Kim JW,Ye Q,Jia H,Budhu A,Zanetti KA,Chen Y,Qin LX,Tang ZY,Wang XW
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Source species Homo sapiens
Contributed by Yujin Hoshida (Broad Institute)
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identifier namespace		 HUMAN_GENE_SYMBOL
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Version history 3.0: First introduced

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