Human Gene Set: YAN_ESCAPE_FROM_ANOIKIS


Standard name YAN_ESCAPE_FROM_ANOIKIS
Systematic name M1221
Brief description Genes up-regulated in IEC-18 cells (intestinal epithelial cells) which avoided anoikis (a form of apoptosis) after detachment.
Full description or abstract We reported earlier that IL-1beta, an NF-kappaB-regulated cytokine, was made by intestinal epithelial cells during detachment-induced apoptosis (anoikis) and that IL-1 was antiapoptotic for detached cells. Since surviving anoikis is a prerequisite for cancer progression and metastases, we are further exploring the link between anoikis and cytokines. Here we determined that multiple genes are expressed following detachment including a number of NF-kappaB-regulated products and therefore aimed to determine whether NF-kappaB signalling plays any role in regulating apoptosis. Using Western blotting, we detected that IkappaBalpha becomes phosphorylated immediately following detachment and that levels of phospho-IkappaBalpha peaked within 20 min. Phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha was followed by Rel A (p65) nuclear translocation. Increased NF-kappaB activity following detachment was confirmed using the detection of NF-kappaB-promoted luciferase gene expression delivered by adenovirus infection. Infection of cells with adenovirus expressing a super-repressor IkappaBalpha protein and pharmacological inhibitors of NF-kappaB resulted in the failure to phosphorylate IkappaBalpha, a more rapid activation of caspases and earlier apoptosis. We also detected that IkappaB kinase alpha (IKKalpha) and not IKKbeta became phosphorylated following detachment. Since IKKalpha is activated by NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK), we overexpressed native NIK using an adenovirus vector that resulted in enhanced phospho-IkappaBalpha and nuclear p65 in detached cells compared to control detached cells but did not result in a significantly greater number of cells surviving to 24 h. We conclude that detachment directly activates NF-kappaB, which, in addition to launching an inflammatory cytokine wave, contributes to a delay in apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells.
Collection C2: Curated
      CGP: Chemical and Genetic Perturbations
Source publication Pubmed 16007176   Authors: Yan SR,Joseph RR,Rosen K,Reginato MJ,Jackson A,Allaire N,Brugge JS,Jobin C,Stadnyk AW
Exact source Table 1S
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Source species Rattus norvegicus
Contributed by Arthur Liberzon (MSigDB Team)
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identifier namespace		 RAT_SEQ_ACCESSION
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Version history 3.1: First introduced


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